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What are the rules of war? And how do they apply to Israel's actions in Gaza?_我的网站

A |     Six days after a brutal attack by armed Hamas militants on Israeli civilians, Israel ordered an evacuation of more than 1 million Palestinians in northern Gaza ahead of what could be an unprecedented ground offensive there against Hamas."We are going to destroy Hamas infrastructures, Hamas headquarters, Hamas military," vowed Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant as airstrikes were underway.The U.S. and other nations have repeatedly warned Israel to follow the "rules of war."But what are they? And will they prevent civilians from being hurt?Here's what to know about international humanitarian laws and how they might apply in the Israeli-Hamas conflict in Gaza.

Is Israel bound by the rules of war?

Yes.Israel has promised to abide by international humanitarian law including those under the Geneva Convention that seeks to minimize the impact on civilians, provide aid to the wounded on the battlefield, and not to mistreat prisoners of war.In general, the U.S. military and Israeli Defense Force also rely on similar rules of engagement in military operations.Israel insists it follows the rules of war and always has.But there is disagreement by international groups about exactly what qualifies as a violation in a country's quest to defend itself against terror attacks, as well as whether Israel could be prosecuted through the International Criminal Court -- an entity Israel doesn't recognize.Officials at the United Nations and European Union have accused Israel of already violating its promise not to harm civilians by cutting water and electricity to all of Gaza residents, including to hospitals. They also say it's impossible to ensure the safety of so many civilians by giving only 24 hours to evacuate to avoid the fighting.Palestinian health authorities estimate 1,799 civilians have been killed in Israeli airstrikes, including 583 children, following Hamas' attacks that have killed at least 1,300 Israelis.Ravina Shamdasani, spokesperson for the Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Human rights, said Hamas' brutality doesn't "liberate" Israel from adhering to international humanitarian laws."It is absolutely crucial that Israeli leaders and global leaders make it unambiguously clear that international humanitarian law is an obligation. It is not optional, and that military operations must be conducted in full compliance with international law," she said.President Joe Biden said he delivered that message directly to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu this week, later telling reporters "that it is really important that Israel, with all the anger and frustration … they operate by the rules of war.""And there are rules of war," Biden added.

How would the rules apply in this conflict? Would civilians be spared?

Avoiding harm to civilians though can fall into a gray area, particularly when it comes to a massive ground operation unfolding on a remarkably narrow strip of land. Gaza is among the most populated areas on Earth, roughly 7.5 miles at its widest and 25 miles long with some 2 million inhabitants.Eric Oehlerich, a retired Navy SEAL and ABC News contributor, said that even with sophisticated weaponry, such an operation would be extraordinarily difficult to carry out with no civilians harmed."There isn't a force in the world that can deal with 40,000 (enemy) soldiers interspersed with civilians in that densely populated area" and have "zero" civilian deaths, said Oehlerich."It's impossible," he added.One question will be what constitutes a valid military target, said Mick Mulroy, a former deputy assistant secretary of defense for the Middle East and retired CIA paramilitary operations officer.Israel says that Hamas -- which doesn't abide by humanitarian laws in its deliberate attack on civilians last week -- uses Palestinian civilians and hospitals as shields."If Hamas holds up in a building -- whether it's a hospital or mosque -- it becomes a valid military target," said Mulroy, also an ABC contributor. "That said, every reasonable step should be taken to eliminate or reduce civilian casualties (and) has to be done."

What does all this mean for hostages held by Hamas and US citizens inside Gaza?

Oehlerich, who has participated in military operations to free hostages, said getting those hostages out using military force will also be extraordinarily tough. That's because Hamas will likely have gone to great lengths to hide the hostages, including possibly rigging secret tunnels or even the hostages themselves with explosives.Oehlerich said success is more likely to come through backchannel negotiations with countries like Egypt and Qatar.Israeli officials say its special operations forces have been operating inside Gaza in past days trying to locate hostages. The US is also working the Red Cross and the UN to establish "safe zones" for foreign nationals to leave, including Americans located within Palestine, according to a senior State Department official.Beyond that, questions remain on how many innocent people will be hurt or killed inside Gaza. When asked by a reporter Friday what worries him most about the Israeli ground invasion, Biden had a one-word answer."Death," he said.ABC News' Shannon Crawford, William Gretsky and Mary Bruce contributed to this report.。    我们时常会在中国的社交媒体上看到导游强迫游客消费的新闻，万万没想到的是，在中国游客最喜爱的出国游目的地之一、法律严明的旅游城市新加坡，也发生了这样的事……前段时间，一组由20多名中国游客组成的旅游团表示，由于他们拒绝购买旅游巴士司机出售的纪念品，被抛弃在新加坡路边。在一段时长1分49秒的视频中，可以看到一群中国游客正在与一名巴士司机争吵。

B | 他们还站在路边，身边放着自己的行李。在视频里，疑似旅行团成员的抖音网友“Wei Da Piao Liang”讲述了事情的经过。

C | 该网友表示，他们还遭到了巴士司机的侮辱和咒骂，司机卸下他们的行李后开车离开，留下他们一车人在路边。据本地媒体报道，事件于2024年8月16日中午12点左右发生在跑马埔路（Race Course Road）一带。当时这群游客正在参观寺庙，这是他们为期10天的东南亚国家之旅的一部分，行程中包括新加坡、马来西亚和泰国。这次旅行是由一家中国旅行社安排的。该网友还在视频中表示，他们这个旅行团刚开始只有15个人。抵达新加坡后，他们的旅行团与另一个旅行团合并了，人数达到了20多人。

D |

司机在车上卖纪念品

    网友表示，午餐前，旅游大巴司机在车上售卖纪念品，但旅行团的反响并不如他预期。之后，旅行团下车去吃午餐。当一名女游客想要回到车上取高血压药物时，司机拒绝让她上车，还说中国人不愿意花钱。视频截图 司机最后还是打开了车门，但却撞到了一名游客。旅行团成员对此感到非常愤怒，但司机拒绝道歉。

E | 他卸下了所有游客的行李，然后开车离开了。

旅游团滞留四小时

    整车人被困在路边。“我们想报警，但导游威胁我们。

F | ”一名游客说道。

G | 另一位网友在视频下评论说，她知道旅行团会出售纪念品，但不会强迫他们购买，对于这个旅行团的遭遇她表示不满。

H | 事发现场旁一名37岁的餐厅老板表示，旅行团是在他的餐厅用餐的。他的餐厅的部分生意就来自这样的旅游团，那天，他的员工听到了餐馆外面的一阵骚动。

I | 尽管不知道发生争执的原因，餐厅的工作人员还是向游客提供了饮料和茶点，以安抚他们，防止他们打扰其他就餐者。他说，在滞留了4小时后，旅游团乘坐另一辆来接他们的巴士离开了。示意图 一名70岁的司机在8月20日驾驶旅游巴士前往事发的同一地区，他在接受本地媒体采访时认出视频中的司机是自己的同事。这位司机表示，旅游巴士司机确实会尝试出售每件价值几新元的纪念品，但绝不会强迫游客购买。他补充说，旅游巴士司机谋生很困难，他们没有小费，而且还必须搬运沉重的行李。

新加坡旅游局正在调查此事

    新加坡旅游局发言人表示，目前正在与所有相关方联系，对这起事件进行彻底调查。

J | 发言人说：“作为新加坡旅行社的监管机构，我们强调所有持牌人都必须履行职责。

K | ”图源：STB 发言人补充说，新加坡旅游局不会容忍任何不尊重游客或将游客置于危险之中的行为，并会毫不犹豫地对不良行为采取行动。

L | “新加坡游客的安全和健康至关重要，我们致力于维护新加坡作为所有游客的安全与热门目的地的声誉。”

游客已返回中国

    中国驻新加坡大使馆证实，大使馆于8月16日中午12点49分接到一名中国赴新加坡旅游团成员的举报。了解情况后，大使馆敦促游客寻求紧急医疗救助，并提醒他们依法享有的权利。大使馆还向他们提供了本地警方的联系电话和旅游热线。示意图在联系该团的导游和当地旅游联络人员后，另一辆车被派去接回中国游客。事发第二天，该旅行团就按原计划前往马来西亚，并于8月19日返回中国。在新加坡发生这样的事情，也是活久见了。后续将会如何处理？让我们拭目以待吧。

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Published on:10:27:58

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